Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Crupina // Species: Crupina vulgaris Cass.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in Flora Europaea Vol. 4 (Tutin et al., 1976).

Distribution: Native from Europe and the Mediterranean region to Northwest India according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal.

Habitat: Found in open and dry habitats- grassland, rocky terrains, alongside roads.

Lifeform: Annual; Therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Flowering period: Spring.

Crupina vulgaris  – habit in habitat. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – upper part of plant with capitulums. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – upper part of plant with capitulums. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – upper part of plant with capitulums. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – upper part of plant with capitulums. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – capitulum. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – capitulum. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – capitulums. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – capitulum. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  –fruiting capitulum. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  –fruiting capitulum with achenes. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – capitulum with achene (pappus of achene seen from above). Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  – achenes. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris  –uppermost leaves- the stem is leafy up to the branches. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris – middle cauline leaves- the stem is leafy up to the branches. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris – middle cauline leaves- the stem is leafy up to the branches. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris – lower cauline leaves- the stem is leafy up to the branches. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crupina vulgaris – lower cauline leaves- the stem is leafy up to the branches. Osogovo, hills near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Crupina vulgaris Pers. ex Cass. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:8460-1 [Accessed 30.05.2021].