Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Lactuca// Species: Lactuca serriola L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in Flora Europaea Vol. 4 (Tutin et al., 1976) as Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. (syn. Lactuca muralis (L.) Gaertner). The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Greuter, 2006+) is Lactuca muralis (L.) Gaertn.

Distribution: Native from Europe to the Mediterranean and Caucasus according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Edges of woods, rocky terrains, disturbed ground.

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL, AUG.

Lactuca muralis – habit. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 29.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Lactuca muralis – capitulum. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 29.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Lactuca muralis – capitulum. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 29.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Lactuca muralis – capitulum with involucral bracts. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 29.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Lactuca muralis – achenes. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 29.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Lactuca muralis - habit. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 28.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Lactuca muralis - habit. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 28.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Lactuca muralis - capitula. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 28.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Lactuca muralis - inflorescence. Gorge of "Kochanska" River, 21.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Lactuca muralis. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=124199&PTRefFk=7000000 [Accessed 26.12.2021].

Lactuca muralis (L.) E.Mey. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60439779-2 [Accessed 26.12.2021].

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.