Taxonomy: Fam. Cucurbitaceae// Genus:  Bryonia// Species: Bryonia alba L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 1995).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to Central, East and Southeast Europe to Central Asia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Sparse woods, shrub, alongside roads, usually climbing on bushes.

Flowering period: Late spring - early summer: MAY, JUN.

Bryonia alba - male inflorescence. Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - male flowers. Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - fertilized female flowers. Osogovo, village of Beli, 13.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. 13.06.2021
Bryonia alba - leaves. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - leaves . Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - stem with leaves. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - wilted plant (top senescence) with ripe fruits. Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - wilted plant (top senescence) with ripe fruits. Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - ripe fruits. Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - ripe fruits. Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - ripe fruits. Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bryonia alba - ripe fruits. Osogovo, village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Bryonia alba L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:291541-1 [Accessed 15.08.2021].

Micevski, K. (1995). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 3. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.